In 1988, Maldives suddenly found itself in the middle of an invasion by a Sri Lankan Tamil terrorist group employed by a Maldivian businessman to capture power from President Abdul Gayoom. A helpless Gayoom had to send an SOS to India which despatched a naval ship post haste to chase the invaders and capture them If only Maldives had a big enough a

Within all of this, measuring effects in efforts to counter ideologies will be plagued with challenges of overdetermination. This does not mean we should abandon these efforts. Rather, at the strategic level, it is important to keep in mind that it is the totality of efforts across multiple domains and instruments of statecraft that have an overall

The full-scale military invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, while undertaken for specific reasons and with broad political and military objectives, were actions that reinforced Salafi Jihadi narratives that the United States and the West more broadly were out to destroy the Muslim world. The fact that neither of these wars went according to plan and

had responded to the attacks. Within the details of forming an international coalition to counter al Qaeda and its use of military action, it included “respecting Islam” as one of the actions taken. The statement quoted President George W. Bush, who asserted: “The Islam that we know is a faith devoted to the worship of one God, as revealed th

of the “Quit India” movement. One strain of White supremacism aims to foment a racial holy war “RAHOWA” with the goal of ridding the world of people of color, who bear the stain of the sins of Cain, and to usher in a new, better, racially pure world in its place It is important to note that broad ideologies can support different courses of